KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine) is the C-terminal tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Despite being only three amino acids long, KPV retains the full anti-inflammatory potency of the parent hormone while lacking the melanogenic (tanning) and other melanocortin receptor-mediated effects.
KPV’s primary mechanism is the inhibition of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), the master transcription factor controlling the inflammatory response. By preventing NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, KPV broadly suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
This peptide has shown particular promise for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with studies demonstrating that oral and colonic administration of KPV significantly reduces intestinal inflammation. It is also being explored for skin inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and as a general anti-inflammatory agent.
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